Equalization
Definition
Equalization is the act of balancing pressure in air spaces within the body with surrounding water pressure during descent.
More on Equalization
As a diver descends, external pressure increases. This compresses air spaces in the ears, sinuses, and mask, potentially causing discomfort or injury (barotrauma). Equalization techniques introduce air into these spaces to balance pressure. Common methods include the Valsalva maneuver (pinching the nose and blowing gently), swallowing, or wiggling the jaw. Equalizing early and often—before discomfort—is key to preventing injuries and ensuring a safe, comfortable dive.
Frequently Asked Questions
Start before discomfort begins—often just a few feet into descent—and equalize continuously or every 1–2 feet.
The Valsalva maneuver is common, but the Frenzel technique (tongue and throat pressure) is safer and more effective for some divers.
No. Congestion blocks air passage to the ears or sinuses and increases the risk of barotrauma and reverse blocks during ascent.
A reverse block happens when trapped air cannot escape during ascent, causing painful pressure. It can result in dizziness or injury.
Yes. Exhaling gently through the nose prevents mask squeeze by equalizing pressure inside the mask as you descend.